#Bash 的 chfn 命令
chfn [OPTION] [USER]
功能
修改用户的全名（Full Name）等详细信息。
类型
可执行文件（/usr/bin/chfn），属于 passwd。
参数
OPTION选项：-f,--full-name FULL_NAME- 将用户的全名修改为FULL_NAME-h,--home-phone HOME_PHONE- 将用户的家庭电话号码修改为HOME_PHONE-o,--other OTHER- 将用户的其它信息设为OTHER-r,--room ROOM_NUMBER- 将用户的房间号修改为ROOM_NUMBER-R,--root CHROOT_DIR- 将根目录设为CHROOT_DIR目录；CHROOT_DIR必须是绝对路径，参考chroot-u,--help- 查看帮助信息-w,--work-phone WORK_PHONE- 将用户的工作电话号码修改为WORK_PHONE
USER- 要操作的用户；默认为当前用户
#示例
$ sudo chfn -f 'Primers @ xplanc.org' primers
$ sudo chfn -h '123456' primers
$ sudo chfn -o 'desc' primers
$ sudo chfn -r '001' primers
$ sudo chfn -w '1122334455' primers
$ cat /etc/passwd
primers:x:1001:1001:Primers @ xplanc.org,001,1122334455,123456,desc:/home/primers:/bin/bash
其中的
Primers @ xplanc.org,001,1122334455,123456,desc就是chfn命令编辑的 GECOS 字段。
#推荐阅读
#手册
CHFN(1) User Commands CHFN(1)
NAME
chfn - change real user name and information
SYNOPSIS
chfn [options] [LOGIN]
DESCRIPTION
The chfn command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone
number, and home phone number information for a user's account. This
information is typically printed by finger(1) and similar programs. A
normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to
the restrictions in /etc/login.defs. (The default configuration is to
prevent users from changing their fullname.) The superuser may change
any field for any account. Additionally, only the superuser may use the
-o option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field.
These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the other field,
they should not contain any comma or equal sign. It is also recommended
to avoid non-US-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the
phone numbers. The other field is used to store accounting information
used by other applications.
OPTIONS
The options which apply to the chfn command are:
-f, --full-name FULL_NAME
Change the user's full name.
-h, --home-phone HOME_PHONE
Change the user's home phone number.
-o, --other OTHER
Change the user's other GECOS information. This field is used to
store accounting information used by other applications, and can be
changed only by a superuser.
-r, --room ROOM_NUMBER
Change the user's room number.
-R, --root CHROOT_DIR
Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration
files from the CHROOT_DIR directory. Only absolute paths are
supported.
-u, --help
Display help message and exit.
-w, --work-phone WORK_PHONE
Change the user's office phone number.
If none of the options are selected, chfn operates in an interactive
fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the
fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank
to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair
of [ ] marks. Without options, chfn prompts for the current user
account.
CONFIGURATION
The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the
behavior of this tool:
CHFN_RESTRICT (string)
This parameter specifies which values in the gecos field of the
/etc/passwd file may be changed by regular users using the chfn
program. It can be any combination of letters f, r, w, h, for Full
name, Room number, Work phone, and Home phone, respectively. For
backward compatibility, yes is equivalent to rwh and no is
equivalent to frwh. If not specified, only the superuser can make
any changes. The most restrictive setting is better achieved by not
installing chfn SUID.
FILES
/etc/login.defs
Shadow password suite configuration.
/etc/passwd
User account information.
SEE ALSO
chsh(1), login.defs(5), passwd(5).
shadow-utils 4.17.4 02/02/2026 CHFN(1)