#Bash 的 chage 命令

CHAGE(1)                         User Commands                         CHAGE(1)

NAME
       chage - change user password expiry information

SYNOPSIS

       chage [options] LOGIN

DESCRIPTION
       The chage command changes the number of days between password changes
       and the date of the last password change. This information is used by
       the system to determine when a user must change their password.

OPTIONS
       The options which apply to the chage command are:

       -d, --lastday LAST_DAY
           Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was
           last changed. The date may also be expressed in the format
           YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area). If the
           LAST_DAY is set to 0 the user is forced to change his password on
           the next log on.

       -E, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE
           Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the
           user's account will no longer be accessible. The date may also be
           expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used
           in your area). A user whose account is locked must contact the
           system administrator before being able to use the system again.

           For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in
           180 days:

                        chage -E $(date -d +180days +%Y-%m-%d)

           Passing the number -1 as the EXPIRE_DATE will remove an account
           expiration date.

       -h, --help
           Display help message and exit.

       -i, --iso8601
           When printing dates, use YYYY-MM-DD format.

       -I, --inactive INACTIVE
           Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired
           before the account is locked. The INACTIVE option is the number of
           days of inactivity. A user whose account is locked must contact the
           system administrator before being able to use the system again.

           Passing the number -1 as the INACTIVE will remove an account's
           inactivity.

       -l, --list
           Show account aging information.

       -m, --mindays MIN_DAYS
           Set the minimum number of days between password changes to MIN_DAYS.
           A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change
           their password at any time.

       -M, --maxdays MAX_DAYS
           Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid.
           When MAX_DAYS plus LAST_DAY is less than the current day, the user
           will be required to change their password before being able to use
           their account. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use
           of the -W option, which provides the user with advance warning.

           Passing the number -1 as MAX_DAYS will remove checking a password's
           validity.

       -R, --root CHROOT_DIR
           Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration
           files from the CHROOT_DIR directory. Only absolute paths are
           supported.

       -P, --prefix PREFIX_DIR
           Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found
           under the directory PREFIX_DIR. This option does not chroot and is
           intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations:
           NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. No SELINUX support.

       -W, --warndays WARN_DAYS
           Set the number of days of warning before a password change is
           required. The WARN_DAYS option is the number of days prior to the
           password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about
           to expire.

       If none of the options are selected, chage operates in an interactive
       fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the
       fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank
       to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair
       of [ ] marks.

NOTE
       The chage program requires a shadow password file to be available.

       The chage program will report only the information from the shadow
       password file. This implies that configuration from other sources (e.g.
       LDAP or empty password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the
       user's login will not be shown in the chage output.

       The chage program will also not report any inconsistency between the
       shadow and passwd files (e.g. missing x in the passwd file). The pwck
       can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies.

       The chage command is restricted to the root user, except for the -l
       option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when
       their password or account is due to expire.

CONFIGURATION
       The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the
       behavior of this tool:

FILES
       /etc/passwd
           User account information.

       /etc/shadow
           Secure user account information.

EXIT VALUES
       The chage command exits with the following values:

       0
           success

       1
           permission denied

       2
           invalid command syntax

       15
           can't find the shadow password file

SEE ALSO
       passwd(5), shadow(5).

shadow-utils 4.17.4                02/02/2026                          CHAGE(1)