#Bash 的 prlimit 命令
prlimit [OPTION]... [CMD [ARG]...]
功能
查看或设置进程资源限制。
类型
可执行文件（/usr/bin/prlimit），属于 util-linux。
参数
OPTION选项：--noheadings- 不显示标题行（列名）-o,--output list- 打印指定的列-p,--pid- 指定要操作的进程 ID；如果没有这个选项则运行CMD--raw- 以原始格式输出--verbose- 打印详细信息-h,--help- 显示帮助-V,--version- 显示版本-c,--core[=limits]- 核心转储文件的最大大小-d,--data[=limits]- 最大数据大小-e,--nice[=limits]- 允许提升的最高 nice 优先级-f,--fsize[=limits]- 最大文件大小-i,--sigpending[=limits]- 待处理信号的最大数量-l,--memlock[=limits]- 内存锁定地址空间的最大范围-m,--rss[=limits]- 最大常驻集大小-n,--nofile[=limits]- 最大文件打开数量-q,--msgqueue[=limits]- POSIX 消息队列中的最大字节数-r,--rtprio[=limits]- 最高实时优先级-s,--stack[=limits]- 栈的最大尺寸-t,--cpu[=limits]- CPU 时间（秒）-u,--nproc[=limits]- 最大进程数-v,--as[=limits]- 地址空间限制-x,--locks[=limits]- 可持有文件锁的最大数量-y,--rttime[=limits]- 实时任务超时时间
CMD- 要执行的命令；ARG- 命令的参数列表
#列名
| 列名 | 说明 |
|---|---|
DESCRIPTION | 资源描述 |
RESOURCE | 资源名称 |
SOFT | 软限制 |
HARD | 硬限制 |
UNITS | 单位 |
#示例
查看限制
$ prlimit # 查看当前 SHELL 的限制，等价于 prlimit -i $$
RESOURCE DESCRIPTION SOFT HARD UNITS
AS address space limit unlimited unlimited bytes
CORE max core file size 0 unlimited bytes
CPU CPU time unlimited unlimited seconds
DATA max data size unlimited unlimited bytes
FSIZE max file size unlimited unlimited bytes
LOCKS max number of file locks held unlimited unlimited locks
MEMLOCK max locked-in-memory address space 1823780864 1823780864 bytes
MSGQUEUE max bytes in POSIX mqueues 819200 819200 bytes
NICE max nice prio allowed to raise 0 0
NOFILE max number of open files 1024 1048576 files
NPROC max number of processes 55346 55346 processes
RSS max resident set size unlimited unlimited bytes
RTPRIO max real-time priority 0 0
RTTIME timeout for real-time tasks unlimited unlimited microsecs
SIGPENDING max number of pending signals 55346 55346 signals
STACK max stack size 8388608 unlimited bytes
修改限制
$ prlimit -n=10 -p $$ # 当前 SHELL 最多允许打开 10 个文件
$ prlimit -n -p $$ # 查看当前 SHELL 最多允许打开的文件数量
RESOURCE DESCRIPTION SOFT HARD UNITS
NOFILE max number of open files 10 10 files
$$是当前 SHELL 的 PID
在限制下运行程序
prlimit --v=500M -- ./my_program # 运行 my_program 时地址空间限制为 500M，即最多只能使用 500M 内存
#推荐阅读
#手册
PRLIMIT(1) User Commands PRLIMIT(1)
NAME
prlimit - get and set process resource limits
SYNOPSIS
prlimit [options] [--resource[=limits]] [--pid PID]
prlimit [options] [--resource[=limits]] command [argument...]
DESCRIPTION
Given a process ID and one or more resources, prlimit tries to retrieve
and/or modify the limits.
When command is given, prlimit will run this command with the given
arguments.
The limits parameter is composed of a soft and a hard value, separated
by a colon (:), in order to modify the existing values. If no limits
are given, prlimit will display the current values. If one of the
values is not given, then the existing one will be used. To specify the
unlimited or infinity limit (RLIM_INFINITY), the -1 or 'unlimited'
string can be passed.
Because of the nature of limits, the soft limit must be lower or equal
to the high limit (also called the ceiling). To see all available
resource limits, refer to the RESOURCE OPTIONS section.
• soft:_hard_ Specify both limits.
• soft: Specify only the soft limit.
• :hard Specify only the hard limit.
• value Specify both limits to the same value.
GENERAL OPTIONS
--noheadings
Do not print a header line.
-o, --output list
Define the output columns to use. If no output arrangement is
specified, then a default set is used. Use --help to get a list of
all supported columns.
-p, --pid
Specify the process id; if none is given, the running process will
be used.
--raw
Use the raw output format.
--verbose
Verbose mode.
-h, --help
Display help text and exit.
-V, --version
Print version and exit.
RESOURCE OPTIONS
-c, --core[=limits]
Maximum size of a core file.
-d, --data[=limits]
Maximum data size.
-e, --nice[=limits]
Maximum nice priority allowed to raise.
-f, --fsize[=limits]
Maximum file size.
-i, --sigpending[=limits]
Maximum number of pending signals.
-l, --memlock[=limits]
Maximum locked-in-memory address space.
-m, --rss[=limits]
Maximum Resident Set Size (RSS).
-n, --nofile[=limits]
Maximum number of open files.
-q, --msgqueue[=limits]
Maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues.
-r, --rtprio[=limits]
Maximum real-time priority.
-s, --stack[=limits]
Maximum size of the stack.
-t, --cpu[=limits]
CPU time, in seconds.
-u, --nproc[=limits]
Maximum number of processes.
-v, --as[=limits]
Address space limit.
-x, --locks[=limits]
Maximum number of file locks held.
-y, --rttime[=limits]
Timeout for real-time tasks.
NOTES
The prlimit(2) system call is supported since Linux 2.6.36, older
kernels will break this program.
EXAMPLES
prlimit --pid 13134
Display limit values for all current resources.
prlimit --pid 13134 --rss --nofile=1024:4095
Display the limits of the RSS, and set the soft and hard limits for
the number of open files to 1024 and 4095, respectively.
prlimit --pid 13134 --nproc=512:
Modify only the soft limit for the number of processes.
prlimit --pid $$ --nproc=unlimited
Set for the current process both the soft and ceiling values for
the number of processes to unlimited.
prlimit --cpu=10 sort -u hugefile
Set both the soft and hard CPU time limit to ten seconds and run
sort(1).
AUTHORS
Davidlohr Bueso <dave@gnu.org> - In memory of Dennis M. Ritchie.
SEE ALSO
ulimit(1p), prlimit(2)
REPORTING BUGS
For bug reports, use the issue tracker at
https://github.com/util-linux/util-linux/issues.
AVAILABILITY
The prlimit command is part of the util-linux package which can be
downloaded from Linux Kernel Archive
<https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>.
util-linux 2.39.3 2023-12-01 PRLIMIT(1)