#Bash 的 file-rename 命令

file-rename [OPTION]... EXPRESSION FILE...

功能

通过表达式批量重命名文件。

这个命令是大多数 Linux 发行版上 rename 命令的默认版本。

可以通过 alternatives 命令切换 rename 的版本：
注册
$ sudo alternatives --install /usr/bin/rename rename /usr/bin/file-rename 30
切换
$ sudo alternatives --config rename

类型

可执行文件（/usr/bin/file-rename）。

参数

OPTION 选项：
- -v, --verbose - 打印成功重命名的文件
- -0, --null - 从标准输入读取时使用空字符（\0）作为分隔符
- -n, --nono - 不实际重命名文件，查看哪些文件将会被重命名
- -f, --force - 运行覆盖现有文件
- --path, --fullpath - 重命名整个路径
- -d, --filename, --nopath, --nofullpath - 不要重命名中间目录，仅重命名路径的最后部分
- -m, --man - 打印 MAN 文档
- -u, --unicode [encoding] - 运行用户提供的代码时将文件名当作 Perl 字符串（Unicode）；如果指定了 encoding，则用该编码对文件进行编解码
- -e - 指定表达式 EXPRESSION
- -E - 指定表达式 EXPRESSION ，以分号（;）结尾
- -h, --help - 显示帮助
- -V, --version - 显示版本
EXPRESSION - Perl 表达式
- 变量 $_ 表示文件名
- 变量 $1 或 \1 表示正则的第一个捕获；以此类推
- s/xxx/yyy/ 表示将 xxx 替换为 yyy
- y/abc/xyz/ 表示将 abc 映射为 xyz
FILE - 要重命名的文件列表

#转换函数

函数	作用	示例
`uc($str)`	全大写	`uc($1)`
`lc($str)`	全小写	`lc($1)`
`ucfirst($str)`	首字母大写	`ucfirst($1)`
`lcfirst($str)`	首字母小写	`lcfirst($1)`

#正则内的转换

转换	语法	作用	示例
全字符大写	`\U`	把后续字符转大写	`s/^(\w)/\U$1/` → `file.txt` → `FILE.TXT`
全字符小写	`\L`	把后续字符转小写	`s/^(\w)/\L$1/` → `FILE.TXT` → `file.txt`
单字符大写	`\u`	只把下一个字符转大写	`s/^(\w)/\u$1/` → `file.txt` → `File.txt`
单字符小写	`\l`	只把下一个字符转小写	`s/^(\w)/\l$1/` → `File.txt` → `file.txt`
结束标记	`\E`	结束 `\U` 或 `\L` 的作用	`s/^(\w)/\U$1\E.txt/` → `file.txt` → `FILE.txt`

#示例

基础重命名

$ touch 1.txt 2.txt 3.txt                   # 创建一组文件
$ file-rename -v 's/\.txt$/.md/' *          # 将 .txt 后缀替换为 .md
1.txt renamed as 1.md
2.txt renamed as 2.md
3.txt renamed as 3.md

集合映射

$ file-rename -v 'y/123/abc/' *             # 将 123 映射为 abc
1.md renamed as a.md
2.md renamed as b.md
3.md renamed as c.md

正则捕获

$ file-rename -v 's/(.*)\.md/\1\1\1.md/' *  # 将文件名重复 3 次
a.md renamed as aaa.md
b.md renamed as bbb.md
c.md renamed as ccc.md

(.*) 创建一个捕获
\1 表示第一个捕获，\1\1\1 重复三次

大小写转换

$ file-rename -v '$_ = uc($_)' *            # 文件名转换为大写
aaa.md renamed as AAA.MD
bbb.md renamed as BBB.MD
ccc.md renamed as CCC.MD
$ file-rename -v '$_ = lc($_)' *            # 文件名转换为小写
AAA.MD renamed as aaa.md
BBB.MD renamed as bbb.md
CCC.MD renamed as ccc.md
$ file-rename -v '$_ = ucfirst($_)' *       # 首字母大写
aaa.md renamed as Aaa.md
bbb.md renamed as Bbb.md
ccc.md renamed as Ccc.md
$ file-rename -v '$_ = lcfirst($_)' *       # 首字母小写
Aaa.md renamed as aaa.md
Bbb.md renamed as bbb.md
Ccc.md renamed as ccc.md

正则的大小写转换

$ file-rename -v 's/(.*?)\.md/\U$1\E.md/' *
aaa.md renamed as AAA.md
bbb.md renamed as BBB.md
ccc.md renamed as CCC.md

\U 表示后续内容转换为大写，直到 \E 为止
$1 表示第一个正则捕获

#推荐阅读

file-rename(1) — Linux manual page

#手册

RENAME(1p)            User Contributed Perl Documentation           RENAME(1p)

NAME
       file-rename - renames multiple files

SYNOPSIS
       file-rename [ -h|-m|-V ] [ -v ] [ -0 ] [ -n ] [ -f ] [ -d ] [ -u [enc]]
       [ -e|-E perlexpr]*|perlexpr [ files ]

DESCRIPTION
       "file-rename" renames the filenames supplied according to the rule
       specified as the first argument.  The perlexpr argument is a Perl
       expression which is expected to modify the $_ string in Perl for at
       least some of the filenames specified.  If a given filename is not
       modified by the expression, it will not be renamed.  If no filenames
       are given on the command line, filenames will be read via standard
       input.

   Examples (Larry Wall,  1992)
       For example, to rename all files matching "*.bak" to strip the
       extension, you might say

               file-rename -- 's/\.bak$//' *.bak

       To translate uppercase names to lower, you'd use

               file-rename 'y/A-Z/a-z/' ./*

       Examples rewritten to avoid globs which could inject options.

   More examples (2020)
       You can also use rename to move files between directories, possibly at
       the same time as making other changes (but see --filename)

               file-rename 'y/A-Z/a-z/;s/^/my_new_dir\//' ./*.*

       You can also write the statements separately (see -e/-E)

               file-rename -E 'y/A-Z/a-z/' -E 's/^/my_new_dir\//' -- *.*

       You can use the predefined variables "$a, $b" in the code; for instance
       to create sequences of numbers

           rename -e '$a++;s/\w+/file_$a/' -- *.*

OPTIONS
       -v, --verbose
               Verbose: print names of files successfully renamed.

       -0, --null
               Use \0 as record separator when reading from STDIN.

       -n, --nono
               No  action:  print  names  of  files  to  be renamed, but don't
               rename.

       -f, --force
               Over write: allow existing files to be over-written.

       --path, --fullpath
               Rename full path: including any directory component.  DEFAULT

       -d, --filename, --nopath, --nofullpath
               Do not rename directory:  only  rename  filename  component  of
               path.

       -h, --help
               Help: print SYNOPSIS and OPTIONS.

       -m, --man
               Manual: print manual page.

       -V, --version
               Version: show version number.

       -u, --unicode [encoding]
               Treat  filenames  as  perl  (unicode)  strings when running the
               user-supplied code.

               Decode/encode filenames using encoding, if present.

               encoding is optional: if omitted, the next argument  should  be
               an option starting with '-', for instance -e.

       -e      Expression: code to act on files name.

               May  be  repeated to build up code (like "perl -e").  If no -e,
               the first argument is used as code.

       -E      Statement: code to act on files name, as -e but  terminated  by
               ';'.

ENVIRONMENT
       No environment variables are used.

AUTHOR
       Larry Wall

SEE ALSO
       mv(1), perl(1)

DIAGNOSTICS
       If you give an invalid Perl expression you'll get a syntax error.

BUGS
       The  original  "rename"  did  not  check  for  the  existence of target
       filenames, so had to be used with care.

perl v5.36.0                      2024-01-01                        RENAME(1p)

#Bash 的 file-rename 命令

#转换函数

#正则内的转换

#示例

#推荐阅读

#手册

显示