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#Bash 的 realpath 命令

realpath [OPTION]... FILE...

功能

解析路径。

类型

可执行文件(/usr/bin/realpath),属于 coreutils

参数

  • OPTION 选项:
    • -e, --canonicalize-existing - 路径的所有组成部分都必须存在
    • -m, --canonicalize-missing - 路径的所有组成部分都可以不存在
    • -L, --logical - 逻辑路径;在跟踪符号链接之前解析 ..
    • -P, --physical - 物理路径;在跟踪符号链接之后解析 ..(默认)
    • -q, --quiet - 忽略大部分错误信息
    • --relative-to=DIR - 打印相对于 DIR 的相对路径
    • --relative-base=DIR - 如果路径在 DIR 内,则相对路径,否则打印绝对路径
    • -s, --strip, --no-symlinks - 不展开符号链接
    • -z, --zero - 以空字符(\0)作为行的结尾,而不是换行符(\n
    • --help - 显示帮助
    • --version - 显示版本
  • FILE - 文件路径

#示例

绝对路径

$ pwd # 查看当前路径 /home/user/primers $ realpath -m ./file.txt /home/user/primers/file.txt $ realpath -m ../data/../config/./settings.yaml /home/user/config/settings.yaml

相对路径

$ pwd # 查看当前路径 /home/user/primers $ realpath -m --relative-to=/home/user ./file.txt # 打印相对于 /home/user 的路径 primers/file.txt $ realpath -m --relative-to=/home/user2 ./file.txt # 打印相对于 /home/user2 的路径 ../user/primers/file.txt $ realpath -m --relative-base=/home/user ./file.txt # 在 /home/user 内,打印相对于 /home/user 的路径 primers/file.txt $ realpath -m --relative-base=/home/user2 ./file.txt # 不在 /home/user 内,打印绝对路径 /home/user/primers/file.txt

符号链接

$ pwd # 查看当前路径 /home/user/primers $ ln -s /usr/lib lib # 创建符号链接 $ ls -l lib lrwxrwxrwx 1 planc planc 8 Oct 31 14:06 lib -> /usr/lib $ realpath ./lib # 跟踪符号链接(默认) /usr/lib $ realpath -s ./lib # 不跟踪符号链接 /home/user/primers/lib $ realpath ./lib/.. # 在跟踪符号链接之后解析 ..(默认) /usr $ realpath -L ./lib/.. # 在跟踪符号链接之前解析 .. /home/user/primers

#相关命令

命令说明
basename从文件路径中去除目录和后缀
dirname从文件路径中提取目录

#推荐阅读

#手册

REALPATH(1) User Commands REALPATH(1) NAME realpath - print the resolved path SYNOPSIS realpath [OPTION]... FILE... DESCRIPTION Print the resolved absolute file name; all but the last component must exist -e, --canonicalize-existing all components of the path must exist -m, --canonicalize-missing no path components need exist or be a directory -L, --logical resolve '..' components before symlinks -P, --physical resolve symlinks as encountered (default) -q, --quiet suppress most error messages --relative-to=DIR print the resolved path relative to DIR --relative-base=DIR print absolute paths unless paths below DIR -s, --strip, --no-symlinks don't expand symlinks -z, --zero end each output line with NUL, not newline --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit AUTHOR Written by Padraig Brady. REPORTING BUGS GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/> Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/> COPYRIGHT Copyright © 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>. This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. SEE ALSO readlink(1), readlink(2), realpath(3) Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/realpath> or available locally via: info '(coreutils) realpath invocation' GNU coreutils 9.4 April 2024 REALPATH(1)

创建于 2025/10/31

更新于 2025/10/31